1.Izici ezivumayo
Imboni yezinsimbi iyimboni ebalulekile emkhakheni we-automation.Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemvelo yesicelo se-automation yaseChina, ukubukeka kwemboni yezinsimbi kuye kwashintsha usuku ngalunye oludlulayo.Njengamanje, imboni yezinsimbi ibhekene nenkathi entsha yentuthuko, futhi ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa “koHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezinsimbi” ngokungangabazeki lunokubaluleka okubalulekile okuyisiqondiso ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yesikhathi esizayo.
Lolu hlelo lukhombisa ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2015, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo wemboni lizofinyelela noma lisondele ku-yuan wethriliyoni eyodwa, ngesilinganiso sokukhula konyaka esingaba ngu-15%;ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuzodlula izigidigidi ezingama-30 zamadola aseMelika, lapho ukuthunyelwa kwezinkampani zasekhaya emazweni angaphandle kuzoba ngaphezu kwama-50%.Noma ukushoda kwezohwebo kwaqala ukwehla ekuqaleni "kweHlelo le-13th Leminyaka Emihlanu";tshala ngenkuthalo amaqoqo amathathu ezimboni e-Yangtze River Delta, i-Chongqing kanye ne-Bohai Rim, futhi bakhe amabhizinisi angu-3 kuya ku-5 anama-yuan angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10, kanye namabhizinisi angaphezu kwekhulu anentengiso edlula ibhiliyoni elingu-1.
Phakathi nesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nambili”, imboni yezinsimbi zezwe lami izogxila ezidingweni zemiklamo emikhulu kazwelonke, izimboni zamasu asafufusa kanye nezimpilo zabantu, futhi isheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, imishini yokuhlola ukunemba okukhulu, okusha. izinsimbi nezinzwa.Ngokusho kwe "Plan", eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, yonke imboni izogxila emakethe yemikhiqizo ephakathi kuya kwephezulu, iqinise ngamandla ukuklama, ukukhiqiza kanye namakhono okuhlola ikhwalithi, ukuze ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya. izothuthukiswa kakhulu;okuhloswe ngayo kumaphrojekthi amakhulu kazwelonke kanye nezimboni zamasu ezisafufusa, ukwandisa indawo yesevisi yemboni kusukela emikhakheni evamile iye emikhakheni eminingi esafufusa;sikhuthaze ngamandla ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezinkampani, futhi silwele ukwakha inqwaba yamabhizinisi aholayo “ngaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-10” futhi akhe iqoqo lamabhizinisi angumgogodla anokuncintisana namanye amazwe;Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kwemiphumela ezuziwe, ukunqwabelana okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko, kanye nokwakhiwa kwendlela yokuthuthukisa esimeme yemboni.
Ukwengeza, "Isinqumo SoMkhandlu Wombuso Sokusheshisa Ukulinywa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Ezikhulayo Zamasu" sacacisa ukuthi imishini yobuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo ethuthukisiwe kanye nemikhiqizo kufanele ikhuthazwe embonini yokonga amandla nokuvikela imvelo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemakethe- Uhlelo lwenkonzo yokonga ugesi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kufanele luthuthukiswe.Embonini, khuthaza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zamatheminali ahlakaniphile.Kungabonakala ukuthi indawo yenqubomgomo yinhle embonini yethuluzi lokuhlola amandla ahlakaniphile.
2.Ukungalungi
imboni yezinsimbi zokuhlola amandla ezwe lami yenze umugqa womkhiqizo ocebile uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ukuthengiswa nakho kuyanda, kodwa kusenezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni.Imikhiqizo yezikhondlakhondla zakwamanye amazwe isivuthiwe futhi ukuncintisana kwezimakethe kushubile.Izinkampani zasekhaya zamamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile zibhekene nokuncintisana kabili okuvela ezinkampanini zasekhaya nezangaphandle.Yiziphi izici ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezinsimbi wezwe lami?
2.1 Amazinga omkhiqizo adinga ukuthuthukiswa futhi ahlanganiswe
Njengoba imboni yethuluzi lokuhlola amandla ahlakaniphile iyimboni esafufusa ezweni lami, isikhathi sokuthuthukisa sifushane, futhi sisesigabeni soshintsho ukusuka ekukhuleni kuya ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo.Abakhiqizi basekhaya bahlakazekile uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ngenxa yemikhawulo yabasebenzisi abahlukene kanye nezidingo zesistimu yokusabalalisa amandla ahlukene, izindinganiso zomkhiqizo zamamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile ezethulwe ezweni lami azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemboni mayelana nokuklama, ukukhiqizwa, nokwamukelwa.Ukuthuthukiswa okushelelayo kwezinsimbi kuletha ingcindezi ethile.
2.2 Ukuthuthukiswa okuhamba kancane kwekhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha
Njengamanje, amathuluzi amaningi okuhlola athuthukile ezwe lami namamitha ancike ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, kodwa amathuluzi okuhlola angaphandle athuthuke kakhulu namamitha ngokuvamile athuthukiswa kumalabhorethri futhi awakwazi ukuthengwa emakethe.Uma ufuna ukwenza imisebenzi emisha yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe esezingeni lokuqala, uzokhawulelwa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe.
2.3 Izinga lebhizinisi kanye nekhwalithi ikhawulela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni
Nakuba amathuluzi okuhlola namamitha azuze ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga eliphezulu, ngenxa yomthelela “we-GDP”, amabhizinisi amancane aphishekela izinzuzo zezomnotho, futhi ashaya indiva ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okungenampilo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunamabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi nendawo, futhi izinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza alilingani.Abakhiqizi abakhulu bakwamanye amazwe basebenzisa i-China njengesizinda sokucubungula imikhiqizo yabo, kodwa kunezimo ezimaphakathi, eziphansi neziminyene ezweni lethu, ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni.
2.4 Ukushoda kwamathalente asezingeni eliphezulu
Eminyakeni yamuva, izinkampani zezinsimbi zokuhlola zasekhaya ziye zathuthuka ngokushesha, kodwa izinkampani zamathuluzi okuhlola angaphandle ziye zathuthuka ngokushesha.Ngokuphambene, igebe eliphelele phakathi kwezinkampani zamathuluzi okuhlola asekhaya nezangaphandle liya likhula ngokuba likhulu.Isizathu ukuthi amathalente amaningi embonini yezinsimbi zokuhlola ezweni lami atshalwa ngamabhizinisi endawo.Abanalo ulwazi lwabaphathi abakhulu nabaphathi bephrojekthi bezinkampani ezinkulu zangaphandle zamathuluzi, futhi kunzima ukulawula isimo semakethe yangaphandle.
Ngokwesisekelo salokhu okungenhla, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, abakhiqizi abakhulu bezinsimbi zokuhlola bathuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa obunembayo obunokwethembeka okuphezulu.Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva, ngokusetshenziswa kwamazinga ahlukahlukene, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokulawula ithuluzi lokulinganisa sekuseduze.Kokubili abasebenzisi nabakhiqizi banamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekugcinweni kwezinsimbi, kodwa uma sibheka ekuthuthukisweni kwamanje komkhakha, kusenezinkinga ezithile.Ukuze siqonde kabanzi imibono yabasebenzisi, umnyango wethu uqoqe imibono futhi ukholelwa ukuthi izindinganiso zomkhakha zikhawulela intuthuko.Isilinganiso singama-43%;Ama-43% acabanga ukuthi ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni;U-17% ucabanga ukuthi ukunakwa kwenqubomgomo akwanele, okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni;Ama-97% acabanga ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni;ukuthengiswa kwezimakethe 21% kukhawule ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni;Ama-33% ayekholelwa ukuthi izinsizakalo zemakethe zikhawulela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni;Ama-62% akholelwa ukuthi ngemuva kokuthengisa kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-29-2022